Vsi se kdaj počutimo zelo utrujene med tednom in komaj čakamo, da bo prišel petek, da bomo lahko dolgo spali v soboto zjutraj in tako nadoknadili izgubljeni spanec, kajne? Ampak to morda ni najboljša izbira za nas. Poglejmo si, zakaj do tega prihaja in kaj lahko to našemu telesu povzroči.
Predstavljajmo si, da moramo za najem stanovanja vsak dan plačati 8€. Ker smo na tesnem z denarjem, prvi dan plačamo 5€, drugi 7€, tretji 6€ itd. Čakamo seveda ne desetega v mesecu, ko dobimo na račun svojo plačo in bomo tako lahko odplačali svoj dolg. Ko pride deseti v mesecu, je ta dolg že tako velik, da ga težko odplačamo. V kolikor pa ga odlapačamo, to lahko bistveno vpliva na naš proračun za naslednji mesec. Ni fajn, ane? Podobno je s spanjem.
Potreba po prekomernem spanju je odziv na pomanjkanje le-tega. Nekateri ljudje spijo več kot 10 ur med vikendi, ker med tednom spijo šest ur ali manj. Eden od razlogov, zakaj se ljudje po dolgem spancu še vedno počutimo utrujene, je, da še vedno nismo poplačali svojega spalnega dolga. Če smo spali zelo premalo, traja več dni, da se ponovno spravimo na pravo pot in “poplačamo dolg”.
Potrebo po spanju v našem telesu nadzoruje več dejavnikov, ki se med seboj prepletajo:
Na potrebo po spanju lahko vplivajo tudi drugi dejavniki, kot so: telesna aktivnost, prehrana, starost in nekatera zdravila.
Podaljšano spanje med vikendom moti cirkadiani ritem. Če se običajno zbudimo ob 6. uri zjutraj, bo spanje do kosila zmotilo sproščanje nevrotransmiterjev, potrebnih za občutek osveženosti in pripravljenosti za nov dan. V bistvu lahko pride do “jet-laga”.
Kljub dejstvu, da naj bi v povprečju lahko spali okoli 7 ur dnevno, to “povprečje” lahko zelo odstopa od realnosti. Dnevna količina, kakovost in usklajenost ritma med spanjem in budnostjo je prav tako pomembna. Nedavna študija kaže, da naš spanec ne odpušča prav veliko, če ga poskušamo nadoknaditi za vikend. Raziskovalci so ugotovili, da so osebe, ki so med tednom spale 5 ur, vendar so dolg nadoknadile med vikendom z dodatnim spanjem, kljub temu plačale ceno, ki vključuje: presežen vnos kalorij po večerji (snackanje pred televizijo), zmanjšano porabo energije, povečano telesno maso in škodljive spremembe v delovanju inzulina. Čeprav je bil spalni dolg na papirju odplačan, so imele osebe, ki so “nadoknadile” spanec med vikendom, podobne rezultate kot tisti, ki so ostali v “spalnem dolgu” tudi čez vikend brez podaljšanega spanca.
Raziskave kažejo, da ta omenjena strategije lahko neugodno vpliva tudi na dolgoročno izgubljanje telesne mase. Kronično pomanjkanje spanja lahko vpliva na ravnovesje hormonov, ki uravnavajo apetit, kot sta leptin in grelin. Ta sta odgovorna za občutek lakote in odpiranje hladilnika ob enajstih zvečer. Motnje v njunem ravnovesju lahko privedejo do povečanja občutka lakote, kar vodi v prenajedanje in posledično pridobivanje telesne mase.
Čeprav dodatni spanec med vikendi lahko začasno omili občutke utrujenosti, pa ne rešuje učinka pomanjkanja spanja na kognitivne funkcije, razpoloženje in splošno zdravje.
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